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Basic Facts
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form: Qazaqstan
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Gevernment typerepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Capital name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 30 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three time zones
Flag descriptionsky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold
Currencytenge (KZT)
Internet country code.kz
Ports and terminalsAqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)
Agriculture productsgrain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock
Industriesoil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
Geography
LocationCentral Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural River in eastern-most Europe
Coordinates48 00 N, 68 00 E
ContinentAsia
Area total: 2,717,300 sq km
land: 2,669,800 sq km
water: 47,500 sq km
Boundaries total: 12,012 km
border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Coastline0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
Climatecontinental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid
Terrainextends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
Natural resourcesmajor deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
Natural hazardsearthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty
People
Population15,233,244 (July 2006 est.)
Ethnic groupsKazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999 census)
ReligionsMuslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
LanguagesKazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)

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